The Fourth Book of Moses: Numbers

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- Chapter 15 -

Then Yahweh spoke to Moses. He said,

“Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, ’When you go into the land where you will live, which Yahweh will give to you,

you are to prepare an offering by fire to Yahweh, either a burnt offering or a sacrifice to fulfill a vow or a freewill offering, or an offering at your feasts, to produce a pleasing aroma for Yahweh from the herd or the flock.

You must offer to Yahweh a burnt offering as well as a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with one-fourth of a hin of oil.

You must also offer with the burnt offering, or for the sacrifice, one-fourth of a hin of wine for the drink offering for each lamb.

If you are offering a ram, you must prepare as a grain offering two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of oil.

For the drink offering, you must offer a third of a hin of wine. It will produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh.

When you prepare a bull as a burnt offering or as a sacrifice to fulfill a vow, or as a fellowship offering to Yahweh,

then you must offer with the bull a grain offering of three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil.

You must offer as the drink offering half a hin of wine, as an offering made by fire, to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh.

It must be done this way for each bull, for each ram, and for each of the male lambs or young goats.

Every sacrifice that you prepare and offer must be done as described here.

All who are native-born Israelites must do these things in this way, when anyone brings an offering made by fire, to produce an aroma that is pleasing to Yahweh.

If a foreigner is staying with you, or whoever may live among you throughout your people’s generations, he must make an offering made by fire, to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh. He must act as you act.

There must be the same law for the community and for the foreigner who stays with you, a permanent law throughout your people’s generations. As you are, so also must be the traveler staying with you. He must act as you act before Yahweh.

The same law and decree must apply to you and to the foreigner who is staying with you.’”

Again Yahweh spoke to Moses. He said,

“Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, ’When you come into the land where I will take you,

when you eat the food produced in the land, you must offer an offering and present it to me.

From the first of your dough you must offer a loaf to raise it up as a raised offering from the threshing floor. You must raise it up in this way.

You must give to me a raised offering throughout your people’s generations from the first of your dough.

Offerings for Unintentional Sins

You will sometimes sin without intending to do so, when you do not obey all these commands that I have spoken to Moses-

everything that I have commanded you through Moses from the day that I began to give you commands and onward throughout your people’s generations.

In the case of unintentional sin without the community’s knowledge, then all the community must offer one young bull as a burnt offering to produce a sweet aroma for Yahweh. Along with this must be made a grain offering and drink offering, as commanded by the decree, and one male goat as a sin offering.

The priest must make atonement for all the community of the people of Israel. They will be forgiven because the sin was an error. They have brought their sacrifice, an offering made by fire to me. They have brought their sin offering before me for their error.

Then all the community of the people of Israel will be forgiven, and also the foreigners who are staying with them, because all the people committed the sin unintentionally.

If a person sins unintentionally, then he must offer a female goat a year old as a sin offering.

The priest must make atonement before Yahweh for the person who sins unintentionally. That person will be forgiven when atonement has been made.

You must have the same law for the one who does anything unintentionally, the same law for the one who is native born among the people of Israel and for the foreigners who are staying among them.

But the person who does anything in defiance, whether he is native born or a foreigner, blasphemes me. That person must be cut off from among his people.

Because he has despised my word and has broken my commandment, that person must be cut off completely. His sin will be on him.’”

A Sabbath-Breaker Stoned

(Exodus 31:12–17)

While the people of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering wood on the Sabbath day.

Those who found him brought him to Moses, Aaron, and all the community.

They kept him in custody because it had not been declared what should be done with him.

Then Yahweh said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death. All the community must stone him with stones outside the camp.”

So all the community brought him outside the camp and stoned him to death as Yahweh had commanded Moses.

The Law of Tassels

Again Yahweh spoke to Moses. He said,

“Speak to the descendants of Israel and command them to make for themselves tassels to hang from the borders of their garments, to hang them from each border by a blue cord. They must do this throughout their people’s generations.

It will be a special reminder to you, when you may look at it, of all my commandments, to carry them out so that you do not look to your own heart and your own eyes and prostitute yourselves to them.

Do this so that you may call to mind and obey all my commandments, and so that you may be holy, reserved for me, your God.

I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to become your God. I am Yahweh your God.”

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land of your habitations, which I give to you,

and will make an offering by fire to the LORD—a burnt offering, or a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or as a free will offering, or in your set feasts, to make a pleasant aroma to the LORD, of the herd, or of the flock—

then he who offers his offering shall offer to the LORD a meal offering of one tenth of an ephah(a) of fine flour mixed with one fourth of a hin

(b)

of oil.

You shall prepare wine for the drink offering, one fourth of a hin, with the burnt offering or for the sacrifice, for each lamb.

“‘For a ram, you shall prepare for a meal offering two tenths of an ephah(c) of fine flour mixed with the third part of a hin of oil;

and for the drink offering you shall offer the third part of a hin of wine, of a pleasant aroma to the LORD.

When you prepare a bull for a burnt offering or for a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or for peace offerings to the LORD,

then he shall offer with the bull a meal offering of three tenths of an ephah(d) of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil;

and you shall offer for the drink offering half a hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to the LORD.

Thus it shall be done for each bull, for each ram, for each of the male lambs, or of the young goats.

According to the number that you shall prepare, so you shall do to everyone according to their number.

“‘All who are native-born shall do these things in this way, in offering an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to the LORD.

If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you, or whoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to the LORD, as you do, so he shall do.

For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner, a statute forever throughout your generations. As you are, so the foreigner shall be before the LORD.

One law and one ordinance shall be for you and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner with you.’”

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you come into the land where I bring you,

then it shall be that when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall offer up a wave offering to the LORD.

Of the first of your dough you shall offer up a cake for a wave offering. As the wave offering of the threshing floor, so you shall heave it.

Of the first of your dough, you shall give to the LORD a wave offering throughout your generations.

Offerings for Unintentional Sins

“‘When you err, and don’t observe all these commandments which the LORD has spoken to Moses—

even all that the LORD has commanded you by Moses, from the day that the LORD gave commandment and onward throughout your generations—

then it shall be, if it was done unwittingly, without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bull for a burnt offering, for a pleasant aroma to the LORD, with its meal offering and its drink offering, according to the ordinance, and one male goat for a sin offering.

The priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and they shall be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their error.

All the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, as well as the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them; for with regard to all the people, it was done unwittingly.

“‘If a person sins unwittingly, then he shall offer a female goat a year old for a sin offering.

The priest shall make atonement for the soul who errs when he sins unwittingly before the LORD. He shall make atonement for him; and he shall be forgiven.

You shall have one law for him who does anything unwittingly, for him who is native-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them.

“‘But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native-born or a foreigner, blasphemes the LORD. That soul shall be cut off from among his people.

Because he has despised the LORD’s word, and has broken his commandment, that soul shall be utterly cut off. His iniquity shall be on him.’”

A Sabbath-Breaker Stoned

(Exodus 31:12–17)

While the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day.

Those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation.

They put him in custody, because it had not been declared what should be done to him.

The LORD said to Moses, “The man shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall stone him with stones outside of the camp.”

All the congregation brought him outside of the camp, and stoned him to death with stones, as the LORD commanded Moses.

The Law of Tassels

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them that they should make themselves fringes

(e)

on the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put on the fringe

(f)

of each border a cord of blue.

It shall be to you for a fringe,(g) that you may see it, and remember all the LORD’s commandments, and do them; and that you don’t follow your own heart and your own eyes, after which you used to play the prostitute;

so that you may remember and do all my commandments, and be holy to your God.

I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD your God.”

Footnotes

(a)15:4 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel

(b)15:4 A hin is about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons.

(d)15:9 1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel

(e)15:38 or, tassels (Hebrew צִיצִ֛ת)

(f)15:38 or, tassel

(g)15:39 or, tassel